PHIL 1301- essay 1000 wordsIn our own time there are many people who disturst science when it comes to making important decisions. The fact that science is based on inductive reasoning and therefore theories change when new data using the scientific method changes after reviews indicatet that change is needed. Many see this as a weakness of science and therefore many skeptics see science as a religion. How can one address this issue? Note: writing essay #1: Describe identify and explain two or more different philosophical positions and the relevant philosophical concepts. As I grade I will ask myself “How well did you describe and explain both positions (either two different positions or an argument and counterargument)?How clear and accurate are your explanations and the use of the relevant philosophical terms/concepts?” 2(a) Fails to provide an explanation for one of the two theories or (b) provides poor explanations of both positions. 1(a) Fails to provide an explanation for one of the two theories and (b) provides a poor explanation for the other position. #2: Apply critical thinking skills by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of philosophical positions or theories and by writing a clear and coherent essay.As I grade I will ask myself “Did you explain the issue to be considered? How well do you analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the theories or positions? And how clear and coherent is your overall presentation?” 0The essay was not on the topic or there was no essay at all #3:Create an informed personal response to a philosophical issue by developing and defending a personal opinion to the selected philosophical problem.As I grade I will ask myself “Did you develop a personal opinion? How well did you defend why you believe what you believe? Have you explained a rational but opposing view?Have you explained the assumptions behind your position (and that of the opposing view)?And how your position impacts your life and society?” 2Provides a personal position that is (a) incoherent or has no support and is not defended against a rational but opposing position; or (b) does not identify assumptions behind the position or opposing position; or (c) there is no attempt to explore the impact of one’s position on one’s life and society. #4:Grammar.As I grade I will ask myself “How good is the grammar?” 3Demonstrates adequate facility in the use of language by containing some errors in grammar and/or mechanics some of which may be serious enough to impede meaning.Also the essay is generally organized and focused with some lapses or the student does not use credible sources to support and inform the content. Discussion Grading Rubric I am evaluating 3 elements in your discussion posts/replies: Critical Thought Knowledge of philosophical theories and concepts and grammar/spelling/length. 1. CRITICAL THOUGHT: What I mean by “critical thought” is the depth and consistency of your explanations.When you make a claim about something do you explain why you believe that?Do you examine the assumptions that one must make to reach that conclusion?Should those assumptions be made?Is your position consistent with other claims you make? (This criterion is worth 3 of the 8 points for your post.) For example the second discussion board asks you to consider the possibility of someone who claims to have a device that destroys peoples’ souls.You are supposed to then discuss how you would go about evaluating such a claim.One student wrote “I believe that we each have a soul and that it rises to Heaven when our physical bodies cease to exist.”She also writes about how ridiculous the person is who claims he has a device that destroys souls because there is no way to evaluate his claim and no reason to believe him.She seems completely unaware that HER OWN BELIEF is just as impossible to evaluate as his.Thus if we can reject this man’s claim she should reject hers.This shows me an inconsistent position that lacks depth.She never tries to explain WHY she believes what she believes nor does she seem to recognize the obvious contradiction in her argument. 2. KNOWLEDGE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES AND CONCEPTS: For each discussion board I indicate what sections of the text you should study BEFORE making your posting.In that section (and the preceding sections) are the concepts and theories that pertain to that discussion board.I am NOT asking you to fill your posting with philosophical jargon.If you read the text carefully then your posting WILL reflect your knowledge of the relevant concepts.If you make a claim that reflects a particular position discussed in the text you will naturally use language that reflects your new knowledge.On the other hand if you give me an opinion that has several objections to it that were explained in the text but you seem unaware of these objections that would show me a lack of knowledge of the theories and concepts. (This criterion is worth 3 of the 8 points for your post.) 3. GRAMMAR SPELLING AND LENGTH: This is not an English course.However I expect the grammar spelling and tone of your discussions to be college level.This is not “Twitter.”Write in clear and complete sentences.Check your spelling (minor spelling mistakes are not a big deal but obvious and repeated mistakes are big deals).Keep your tone professional and academic.Lastly make sure you have the appropriate length.Posts should be 300 words (approximately) and your reply should be 100 words (approximately).I will not even check unless it is obviously too short or well over the required length.Part of the assignment is learning how to give sufficient and efficient explanations. (This criterion is worth 2 of the 8 points for your post.) REPLY Your reply to another student will be evaluated using all three of these criteria but will only be worth 2 points.So you could lose 1 or both of the 2 points for any of the above issues.