Health Information Technology (HIT)

Please respond to these 2 different discussions separately. The response should be 1 paragraph per discussion paper with a minimum of 150 words( not including references ). Also, 2 different reference and citation per each discussion.

**** It should be 2 separate response with one paragraph each**** The response should be done as a research with 1 reference each.

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References: 1 each

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Please reply to Research # 1- Ramon
Need to reply with 1 to 2 paragraphs with a minimum of 150 words. Include reference with citation minimum 1.
Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology is the application and use of electronic systems to process healthcare information and involve computer software and hardware. HIT involves retrieval, storage, sharing of different healthcare information, knowledge, and data to make safer and better health care. One of the HIT applications is an electronic physician’s prescribing and orders where physicians use mobile or computer platforms to receive patients’ orders and prescribe medications. The platforms are integrated CDS (Clinical Decision Support) systems that prevent drug prescription errors (Alotaibi & Federico, 2017).
Another application of HIT is electronic hand-ff and sign-out tools. Sign-out is the process of passing patients’ information from a caregiver to another or from caregivers to the patients’ family. This reduces omissions, errors, and reduces hand over time. Smart pumps are another HIT application where the intravenous infusion pumps are fitted with medication error-prevention software that alerts physicians when infusion violated safety limits (Alotaibi & Federico, 2017). Finally, HIT is applied in Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADC), where digital interfaces and other software are installed to track medication distribution and control medication dispensing at the point of care. ADC has played a significant role in maintaining medication inventory, reducing pharmacies’ workload, and improving the billing process.
Technical barriers are some of the main barriers facing HIT and include a lack of generally accepted standards and data quality. HIT varies from one health care facility to another, making it a challenge to integrate many facilities’ HIT systems. Secondly, financial barriers that include cost of acquisition, implementation, and maintenance have made HIT implementation and usage a challenge. Finally, trust barriers also affect HIT implementation where health care facilities fear sharing or exchanging data (MacMahon., 2018). Other minor barriers include tough federal strict state requirements, HIT usability and design issues and government administration and documentation requirements that prioritize on patients’ payment and billing over patient care.
References
Alotaibi, Y., K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi medical journal, 38(12), 1173.
MacMahon, S. T., Cooper, T., & McCaffery, F. (2018). Revising IEC 80001-1: Risk management of health information technology systems. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 60, 67-72.

Please reply to Research # 2- Melany
Need to reply with 1 to 2 paragraphs with a minimum of 150 words. Include reference with citation minimum 1.
1. You have learned about health information technology (HIT) in this chapter. Give a few examples for the application of HIT in the clinical practice. Explain the main barriers of using HIT in the healthcare system.

Health information technology is a health technology that is applied to health and health care to present numerous opportunities to improve and transform healthcare services such as quality of healthcare, reduce healthcare cost, prevent medical errors, and increase productivity within the health facilities. Health information technology such as electronic health records, is applied to the clinical practices to minimize or reduce errors especially during the prescription of drugs, tests, and procedures, and also during the preventive care to the patients. It alerts clinical officers on intervals for preventive care and tracks referrals and test results.
Clinical point of care technology ensures that healthcare providers have accurate and complete information concerning the patient. This means that they can provide the best possible care, either during a normal checkup or an emergency. By implementing the usage of HIT, health care workers may better oversee patient’s care by using and sharing health information from patients safely. As a result, the quality of care can be improved and will be more cost-effective (“Health Communication and Health Information Technology | Healthy People 2020”, 2020).
Barriers related to health information technology include lack adequate equipment, where most countries do not have essential materials, such as computer hardware and proper establishment of software, which ultimately hinders an effective operation (Khalifa, 2013). Another problem for the establishment and implementation of HIT is financial and time constraints as many countries lack the finance to support the technology. National policy towards HIT is a major barrier since enforcing legislation is difficult for developing countries. Digital divide and lack of readiness are major social and cultural barriers as there is less motivation, lack of stockholder’s interest, and health care providers are comfortable with their routine practices, hence difficult to transform.

References
Health Communication and Health Information Technology | Healthy People 2020. (2020). Retrieved January 2021, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/health-communication-and-health-information-technology.
Khalifa, M. (2013). Barriers to Health Information Systems and Electronic Medical Records Implementation. A Field Study of Saudi Arabian Hospitals. Retrieved January 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050913008375/pdf?md5=0583f5c2a9c639d377bea1f50f38f668&pid=1-s2.0-S1877050913008375-main.pdf.